Welcome to Secrets of Organ Playing Podcast #118!
Today's guest is Angela Kraft Cross, San Francisco Bay Area organist, pianist and composer. She graduated from Oberlin College and Conservatory of Music in 1980 with bachelor's degrees in Physics and Organ Performance. She then earned her Doctor of Medicine degree at Loma Linda University, where she subsequently completed her residency in ophthalmology. In 1993, she completed her Master of Music degree in Piano Performance at the College of Notre Dame with Thomas LaRatta, with whom she continues to study. Her organ teachers have included Louis Robilliard, Marie-Louise Langlais, Sandra Soderlund, S. Leslie Grow, William Porter and Garth Peacock. In 2001, she was awarded the Associateship credential of the American Guild of Organists (AAGO) after passing rigorous playing and written examinations. She has studied composition with Pamela Decker in recent years. Dr. Kraft Cross has performed extensively on both organ and piano, having given over four hundred concerts across the United States, in Canada, England, Holland, France, Hungary, Lesotho and Guam, including such venues as Notre Dame Cathedral, St. Sulpice and the Madeleine in Paris, Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., St. Patrick's Cathedral and St. Thomas Church in New York City, Methuen Memorial Music Hall and Trinity Church in Boston, E. Power Biggs' organ at Harvard, and Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's Cathedral and Southwark Cathedral in London. She has been featured soloist with local Bay Area ensembles; Master Sinfonia Orchestra, Soli Deo Gloria, Sine Nomine, Masterworks Chorale, Viva la Musica and the San Jose Symphonic Choir as well as Seattle's Philharmonia Northwest Chamber Orchestra and the Skagit Symphony in northern Washington. In May 2014, Masterworks Chorale premiered her new choral work Solomon's Love. In July 2011, she was a featured recitalist at the San Francisco AGO Region IX Convention. She has released seven CDs; three with Arkay Records: two on organ (French Romantic and North German Baroque) and one on piano (Classical Piano Sonatas); and three with Compass Audio in Europe: (200 Years in the Germanic Tradition, the Majesty of Cavaillé-Coll and a 2CD set of Mendelssohn's organ works recorded on the 1801 organ of St Margaret's Lothbury, London). Three of her organ albums have received critical acclaim in The American Organist magazine. Most recently she has released a CD of her organ compositions entitled Sharing the Journey, recorded at Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles. She has served as the organist of the Congregational Church of San Mateo since 1993, and is currently the Artist in Residence. She is also a staff organist at the California Palace of the Legion of Honor in San Francisco. In addition to her musical career, Dr. Kraft Cross retired in 2011 having worked for 22 years as an ophthalmic surgeon at the Kaiser Permanente Hospital in Redwood City, and now practices ophthalmology with the Peninsula Ophthalmology Group. Dr. Kraft Cross is committed to the musical education of young people, and since 1997 has been instrumental in organizing an annual Organ Camp for young pianists headquartered at her church. She is the founding director of the San Francisco Peninsula Organ Academy, a nonprofit organization formed in 2014 to support young concert organists with scholarships on short intensive overseas study trips. Dr. Kraft Cross also served as faculty and or performed in Pipe Organ Encounters in San Francisco 2005, San Diego 2012, and Stanford 2013. She is the Regional Coordinator for Education for Region IX AGO and a member of the executive board for the Junior Bach Festival in Berkeley. She is also a member of the Concert Artist Cooperative. In this conversation, Angela is joined by her husband Robert who records her performances. They shares insights about her practice procedures, her challenges, her organ recordings, her passion for Mendelssohn organ works and Germanic organ tradition and about her future project recording organ symphonies of Vierne. We have recorded our conversation at Vilnius University St. John's church before Angela's concert with San Francisco Viva la Musica choir and orchestra. Enjoy and share your comments below. And don't forget to help spread the word about the SOP Podcast by sharing it with your organist friends. And if you like it, please head over to iTunes and leave a rating and review. This helps to get this podcast in front of more organists who would find it helpful. Thanks for caring. Listen to the conversation Related Links: https://www.angelakraftcross.com http://www.sfpeninsulaorganacademy.org
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Vidas: Let’s start Episode 99 of #AskVidasAndAusra podcast. This question was sent by Paul, and he writes that he doesn’t always have the patience for a highly systematic and laborious practice. So, that’s a common problem among organists, right?
Ausra: Well, I think for any kind of people this is a common problem. Vidas: What can we say? We don’t always practice systematically ourselves, right? Ausra: That’s true. Vidas: We’re humans, and we have weaknesses. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: I think the important part is recognizing our weaknesses, and learning from our weaknesses. But I think it’s unavoidable, sometimes, to make mistakes and do things that we regret later. Ausra: Yes, that’s true. Otherwise we would become robots and computers that could just program ourselves, and do systematic practice all the time. But that’s just life--it’s impossible to do, be a machine all the time. Vidas: What I think about organists who don’t always practice systematically, with patience, is that probably, they haven’t seen the results of systematic practice yet; and therefore, they haven’t been hooked on this. Do you think it’s safe to say so? Ausra: Yes, I think that’s true. But also if you don’t practice systematically, you still get some kind of results. Maybe not as good results-- Vidas: Not systematic results? Ausra: Yes, yes. Vidas: Maybe not quantifiable results. Maybe you practice sporadically, right? And you get better one time, but you don’t know if you will get better in time for your next public performance. Ausra: Yes. I think that public performance is that way which keeps us moving, actually. Vidas: Mhm. Absolutely. I remember the time when we came back from America, from our studies, and there were some months when I didn’t play in public--maybe 5, 6 months, maybe half a year. And I remember at that time, I almost didn’t practice, because there was no external motivation--no push from deadlines and things like that. Ausra: Yes, deadlines. This is the word that I most hate! “Due date,” “deadline”--ugh! Vidas: But it keeps us moving, right? Ausra: Yes, that’s true. Vidas: You don’t have to set external deadlines, right? But you can set internal deadlines, for yourself, for your own enjoyment. Ausra: Yes, that’s true. Vidas: For example, if you’re planning to learn a piece or two on the organ, give yourself a deadline by which time you can play through it. Ausra: That’s right. Vidas: And make a plan. Because in order to learn, let’s say, a piece which has 10 pages in let’s say 10 weeks, you have to learn one page a week! It doesn’t mean that after 10 weeks you will be able to play this piece in public, right? Because you need maybe 1 extra month to get fluent and even better at this. And so...But practices like this--you give yourself a plan, and you proceed step by step. Ausra: Yes, that’s right. So you just have to commit to do something--to learn a piece of music to play it in public. Vidas: So for example, in our case, we are preparing for a recital in what, 3 weeks? about 3 weeks, in November. And there are some pieces--really challenging compositions among our repertoire. And if it wasn’t for this deadline in November--yes, we would play together, we enjoy playing in organ duet, but it doesn’t mean that we would practice and get better on time. Right, Ausra? Ausra: Yes, that’s right. Vidas: So although you don’t like deadlines, you must be glad that this public appearance is coming up. Ausra: Yes, of course, it’s always nice to have that external push. Vidas: Because what--for this concert, we are learning new music, right? And we are slowly getting better at this. So I think for other people, too, our advice could be to find a chance to play in public. Ausra: That’s right. Vidas: A piece or maybe 2 pieces at a time. You don’t have to play an entire hour or thirty minutes of program at once. Ausra: Yes. So maybe make a tiny recital, play a fancy postlude after a church service. And never despair if practice will not go well that day, or you will be too lazy to practice; that’s just a perfectly normal, natural thing. You will do better the next time. Vidas: That’s right. And please send us more of your questions; we love helping you grow. This was Vidas. Ausra: And Ausra. Vidas: And remember, when you practice… Ausra: Miracles happen.
Vidas: Let’s start Episode 98 of #AskVidasAndAusra podcast. And today’s question was sent by Rivadavia, and she would like to play reasonably difficult scores at first glance with the least error. So basically sight-read, yes, Ausra?
Ausra: Yes, yes. Vidas: So, is sight-reading a useful skill for organists, do you think? Ausra: Very useful; for any musician, it’s a useful skill. Vidas: Why? Ausra: Because the easier you can sight-read music, the easier you can learn music, too. Vidas: So, if I can play a medium-difficult piece from sight without preparation… Ausra: Yes? Vidas: Then probably, amount of time required to master that piece, or any other piece, would be minimal. Ausra: I hope so, yes--I think so, yes. Vidas: So what’s the first step, in your opinion, to get better at sight-reading? Ausra: Well, to do it regularly, to do it on a daily basis--I think that’s the best way. Vidas: How much music should you sight-read regularly, on a daily basis? Ausra: I would say one piece is enough, but you must do it every day. Vidas: Depending on the length, it could be even an episode of one piece. Ausra: Yes, that’s true. And telling that it’s one piece, I thought it’s about a 1- or 2-page-long piece. Vidas: But of course, if you have a sonata or a symphony, so it’s maybe half an hour long; so one part would be more than enough. Ausra: Yes. Yes, that’s true. Vidas: What’s the biggest mistake people make in sight-reading efforts? Ausra: I think most of them just pick too fast a tempo at the beginning. And that’s a mistake. You need to be a genius to sight-read a difficult piece at concert tempo. Vidas: Remember, even Bach couldn’t sight-read everything. When he visited his friends, he had this tradition of getting to the harpsichord and picking some music, and sight-reading right away. And one time, he stopped and got stuck in the middle of one page… Ausra: Yes? Vidas: And repeated that page 3 times! Finally, he decided that it’s not possible to sight-read everything. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: So... don’t despair, right? Ausra: Yes, that’s right! Vidas: Because even Bach couldn’t sight-read everything perfectly. Ausra: I don’t think there is a magic trick that could help you to sight-read everything in a fast tempo without any mistakes. Vidas: Is it ok to sight-read not all parts together, but just one line, let’s say, with one hand? Ausra: Well, yes; if you have trouble playing a few voices, then just play one or maybe two voices. Maybe sight-read RH first and then LH, and then pedal part. Vidas: Of the same piece? Ausra: Yes. Vidas: That still works. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: In the long run, you’ll get better… Ausra: Yes, yes. Sure. Vidas: And you can do combinations of two voices later on. Ausra: That’s right. Vidas: So, I hope our students can take this advice, and apply it to practice. But it’s not very easy to apply to practice, because if it would have been easy, a lot of people would be doing this already. Remember in our school, I suggested our students to sight-read one voice of a Bach 2-part Invention per day--RH and then LH, in the same day. Ausra: I remember that, yes. Vidas: And basically no one did it. Ausra: Mhm. Vidas: For a few weeks--it was a challenge, a 30-day challenge--because there are 15 2-part Inventions, and I suggested to do this for 30 days. One day RH, second day LH; and then from the beginning, the second invention; and so on. But they couldn’t keep up with this. Somebody tried it for a few days, but they stopped. Ausra: Yes, people don’t have enough motivation and patience. Vidas: Do you think that’s the case? Ausra: I think so, yes. Vidas: So, how could we motivate people to try this really, for real--for a longer period of time, until they get to see the results? Ausra: Well, you need to take it just step by step, and trust that at the end of that long way, you will see the result. There is no such thing as immediate gratification. Vidas: For example, I have a habit now, that whenever I sit down on the organ bench, I first try to sight-read or improvise, or vice versa. Ausra: Hmm. Vidas: Maybe sight-read first, because the improvisation could based on that piece which I previously sight-read. So what I do is, I open up a collection of music, and I sight-read one piece. If it’s a long piece, I sight-read several pages, or a section of it. And then it becomes a habit; I don’t even have to think about it. I even sort of miss it if I don’t do it regularly. Ausra: That’s a good way to do it--to make it your habit. Let’s say instead of warming up, just sight-read something and then learn your music, work on your music, or on your hymns. Vidas: So for example, when you will be playing organ music of preparing for our recital (which will be in November today), what piece or which collection will you choose to sight-read today? Ausra: Well I don’t know, I have to think about it. Vidas: Let’s say, early music or Romantic or modern music. Which is more dear to your heart? Ausra: Well basically any music, definitely. Vidas: Mhm. But you don’t have to stick with just one style, right? Ausra: That’s true. Vidas: You can alternate. Ausra: I like to sight-read piano music, too Vidas: Mhm. that counts, of course. Ausra: That way I can expand the repertoire that I know, from inside out. Vidas: Yeah. So guys, you see it’s really possible to develop a habit of sight-reading unfamiliar organ music, and gradually get better at this. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: It’s a very valuable skill. Ausra: And also, while sight-reading, maybe you will enjoy some piece so much that you will finally decide to learn it. Vidas: Yeah. Ausra: So that’s a good way to build up your repertoire. Vidas: And broaden your musical horizons, too. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: So, please apply our tips in your practice. It really works when we apply it--it works on us, and we know that our students who apply this in their practice, of course, get better and better every time. And send us more of your questions; we love helping you grow. So, this was Vidas. Ausra: And Ausra. Vidas: And remember, when you practice… Ausra: Miracles happen.
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Ausra: Well, sometimes yes and sometimes no. Vidas: Do you beat yourself up when you don’t practice that day? Ausra: Actually no, because sometimes you just have to rest, in order to practice well the next day. Because if you are too tired to practice, then it will not be a good practice. Vidas: That’s right. Ausra: And if it’s not a good practice, then I think it’s better to not practice at all. Vidas: You don’t have this inner feeling of frustration with yourself, like “Oh, you skipped practice, you’re a bad person and you will go to hell!”? Ausar: Hahaha! Sometimes I do get that feeling, but not always. At least when I cannot practice because I’m just too tired, then no, I don’t have that feeling that I will go to hell. But if I don’t practice because I am too lazy that day, then yes. Vidas: For example, today--are you lazy or are you tired? Ausra: Well, actually I have a cold right now, so… Vidas: You’re sick? Ausra: Yes. Vidas: Me too. So our voices are not in the best condition today. But still we can give you some pointers and tips and advice on how to behave in this situation, when you feel you don’t have enough time. For the most part, Ausra, do people really not have enough time, or do they say they don’t have time? Ausra: Hmm, could be both ways. Vidas: Both, right. You see, when a person skips practice, he gives a reason, right? And the reason for everybody to know is that, for example, Rivadavia doesn’t have enough time to practice. But the real reason might be something else, right? Ausra: Yes, that’s true. Vidas: I’m not saying that it is like this, but it often happens that we keep our most private thoughts and reasonings and excuses to ourselves, right? And what happens is, we want to look good in front of other people; and we say we don’t have time. Ausra: That’s true. I remember one show that we had in Lithuania a few years ago. There was one person from the bank who would teach families actually how to save money. And what she would do is, she would come to the family, and at the end of the week, all members of the family must supply her with receipts and checks and all those things that they had spent money on. And then she would make sure if all those purchases were necessary. And she would teach people how to save money--how to not get unnecessary things, and…save! So that’s what I think would happen with each of our schedules: if we would write down what we’ve spent time on, I’m sure we would find unnecessary things that we do. Vidas: There is an app--or a few apps, now--online, where you can check your online activities, what you’re working on on your laptop or even on your phone. And when people say, “Oh, I’m just checking my Facebook for a second,” or just text or email, or look at a YouTube video for 3 minutes--what happens sometimes is that we don’t notice. We become so captivated by that activity, immersed, that we simply forget the passing of time. Ausra: That’s true. I think probably the worst time killer is a smartphone nowadays, with all its Facebooks and Twitters and all those internet sources. And of course TV too, for some people... Vidas: Mhmm, but I think online activities are getting more prominent. Ausra: ...Yes. Vidas: So you really have to be very strict with yourself, because only you can control yourself. No app can really change your habits, actually. It’s just a game with yourself, right? Ausra: Yes. Vidas: It’s a game. For some people it might be necessary to do this extraneous checking that you’re on the right task. But really what it comes down to is your inner motivation for each day--are you living fully each day, or are you not? Ausra: Yes. Vidas: With each moment, we have a choice, right Ausra? Ausra: That’s true. Vidas: For example, today: what we’re doing now, we could be doing with a thousand different things, right? But we chose to record this teaching video. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: Ausra, is it a wise choice? Ausra: I hope so! Vidas: Why? Ausra: I think it’s right to help somebody. Vidas: That’s right; we really hope our teachings can help you grow as an organist--and as a person, too, because it’s a total personality development, I think. So what you can do with the passing of time is to have a stricter look at yourself, with your activities first, right? Where your time goes. Ausra: Yes, that’s right. Vidas: What else, Ausra? Ausra: Well, I don’t know, there might be different possibilities how you could have extra practice time. Maybe get up half an hour earlier in the morning and do your practice, or do it during lunchtime. Vidas: Mhm. Those hours, or minutes, where nobody’s disturbing you with some tasks or activities, are very precious, right? Set some boundaries, because sometimes your coworkers will come up to you and ask you for something, or a friend might call you and ask for your attention. But if you turn off your phone at that time, or turn off notifications on your phone, then you’re free to do whatever you set out to do. And then you can focus for at least 15 minutes, and that’s good for starters, right? Ausra: Mhm. Vidas: If anything happens, you know that that day you already practiced and fully accomplished something of value for 15 minutes. Ausra: And of course, if you don’t have much time to practice, you must know in advance what you will be working on that day. Just pick 1 piece, or maybe even one spot--one page or half a page of that piece, and practice only that spot. Vidas: Right. Ausra, do you think that people should learn how to say “no”? Ausra: Yes, that’s true. Some of us just have too many activities. Vidas: Too many. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: Too many things to do... Ausra: Yes I know. Vidas: During the day. And not all of them are of equal value. Ausra: I know, I’m already panicking about my November schedule. Because I agreed to teach sort of a course, a seminar, for church organists, on harmonizing hymns. And then I have to play a joint recital together with you... Vidas: Mhm! Ausra: On November 18th. And then I also agreed to lead a concert, actually, as a musicologist, and to speak about keys--about different keys, and what they mean in music. Vidas: Interesting topic. Ausra: So yes, that’s a very interesting topic; but on top of that I have to teach twenty-seven hours each week, and to grade papers, and do all that stuff. So that will be a challenging thing to do. Vidas: Well, at least you know that these activities are worth your time, right? Those harmony courses for community organists. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: For church organists. It’s worth doing, probably. Ausra: Well, I hope so. Vidas: We hope so. What else? I think when you say “no” to something, you can earn the privilege to say “yes” to something that is of value to your goals, to your vision. And you have to have as strong vision for the future--what you want to accomplish in 3, 5, 10 years, as an organist, as a person. And each day, take those simple steps, and maybe get better at one particular area at least 1%; because it compounds over time. Ausra: That’s true. Vidas: Every day. So, this is our daily advice. And now of course, we will go to practice later in the day, because to give you advice and to not take that advice ourselves would be counterproductive. That would be lying to ourselves, right? Ausra: Yes. Vidas: So we will definitely practice for our upcoming recital today, too. And please send us more of your questions; we love helping you grow. And remember, when you practice… Ausra: Miracles happen.
Vidas: Let’s start Episode 96 of #AskVidasAndAusra podcast. And today’s question was sent by Rivadavia, and she writes that she struggles with lack of memory. Ausra, is it a common problem for people, do you think?
Ausra: Yes, I think so. Vidas: Did you have any students, when teaching, who complain that they can’t really memorize things and pieces? Ausra: Well, not so much; but performance anxiety--I get more of that. Being afraid that during a performance they will forget the music, and they will stop. What about you? Vidas: Myself, I struggled a lot with memorization, and that was actually probably one of the frustrations I had with my piano playing, back in school. Because normally, we had to play recitals and concerts and exams from memory, several pieces. Ausra: Sure. Vidas: And I just wasn’t good with that. I could sight-read rather well; but when my teacher told me to memorize a piece of music in a week or so, I just didn’t know how to do this. Ausra: Yes. And I remember that I always started to memorize pieces too late, and then I would be worrying so much when an actual performance would come. And I still have nightmares at nighttime, that I’m playing a recital or exams, and suddenly I forgot my music! Vidas: You’re not alone in this. I think just a couple of days ago, I had this lesson with my piano student at school, and for I think four weeks in a row, I’ve been nagging him to memorize his piano pieces. And one of the pieces is 3-part Sinfonia in d minor by Johann Sebastian Bach. And he just can’t seem to force himself to do this. The easier pieces that he’s playing, yes, he’s getting ready, and can at least play episodes from memory; but the tricky polyphonic texture, I think he delays it, postpones it; it’s a procrastination thing for him. Ausra: Well, that’s just too bad. Vidas: But kids, small kids, they don’t have problems with memory. I have a second grader who cannot read music, but can play everything from memory just fine. Ausra: Haha! Vidas: So that’s the opposite! Ausra: Yes, that way it’s easier for him just to memorize pieces for him--so that he won’t have to look at the music score! Vidas: He looks at his fingers, at the keyboard, and he memorizes the positions at the keyboard. Of course, he doesn’t understand anything about what he is playing! That’s another problem. Ausra: Hahaha. That’s true; but that’s what kids and beginners do. Vidas: Yeah. So guys, if you struggle with this, know that you’re not alone. I haven’t met a person who in some way, shape or form, doesn’t struggle with memorization. And I think the problem might have something to do with a theoretical understanding of what’s happening in the score. Ausra: And I guess some people are just more gifted than others, because the types of memory that human beings have are so different. For example, you could have very good visual memory. And I envy those people. Because I have heard such stories: for example, one pianist, he would perform a recital, and he would turn imaginary pages for himself, because he could just see the score in front of him. So that’s just unbelievable. Vidas: Or Marcel Dupré, who’s famous for having played I think 10 recitals in a row from memory, at the Paris Conservatory--the cycle of the entire organ works of Bach. And each recital was paced every 2 weeks. So basically, he had to know a gigantic amount of repertoire under his fingers from memory. Usually pianists and organists can play from memory maybe an hour’s worth of repertoire; maybe 2 hours, right (if it’s a long recital). Maybe if they are touring, maybe 3 hours at the most, if they have 2 recitals of 90min each, you see. That’s the most they can do. But Marcel Dupré managed to play everything from memory, 10 recitals in a row. That’s kind of unbelievable. Ausra: It is unbelievable. Vidas: And he did that I think 3 times, one in Paris and then I think twice in America. But he didn’t enjoy that--I’ve read that he didn’t want to repeat it that many times. Ausra: Yes, I think that’s just too much. Vidas: It’s torture! Ausra: Yes, even for him, that’s too much. Vidas: But it’s like a marathon, right? A very long race. Do you know who enjoys marathons? Professor James Kibbie. I’ve had a wonderful podcast conversation with him about his Bach project: he also recorded the complete works of Bach, and I think also from memory. But not in a marathon session like Dupré; but over a period of time, maybe over a period of one year, when it was Bach’s anniversary. He went to Germany, to the famous historical organs, and recorded. So he writes that he likes to run marathons, right? Ausra: Mhm. Vidas: And this strenuous, continuous running practice helps him to focus for long-term commitment to long cycles, such as recording all the music of Bach over one year, you see. Ausra: That’s amazing. Vidas: It is amazing. So guys, if you’re struggling, remember that everybody else is also struggling; but some people find something that works for them, running a marathon, or something else. So keep looking for that golden bullet, and keep looking for things that work for you specifically. Right? But I think you have to understand--we have to explain to people, Ausra--do you think that they should mimic their masters and try to copy them? To be like Marcel Dupré or James Kibbie? Ausra: I don’t think so. I think everybody has to find their own way, because we are all so different. Vidas: Yes. So guys, please be yourself; that’s the only thing that matters. And remember, when you practice… Ausra: Miracles happen.
Vidas: Let’s start Episode 95 of #AskVidasAndAusra podcast. And today’s question was sent by Rivadavia. And she has a struggle with patience, and she writes that she lacks patience and even perhaps lack of memory, when she practices. So Ausra, do you think that people often lack patience when they encounter difficult spots in organ playing?
Ausra: I think so. Not everybody, maybe; but yes, I think that might be a problem for some people. So are you patient, when you practice? Vidas: Usually I’m patient enough to overcome difficult spots; but sometimes, yeah, I get into the trap of feeling frustrated, and then switch to something else. Do you think that people have to stick to the practice no matter what, or is it ok to take a break--take a drink, walk, stretch--and then come back? Ausra: Yes, I think it’s good to take a break, but I think it’s bad to quit practicing a particular piece; because a lack of patience might mean that when you find out that this piece will be hard for you to learn, you discover some hard spots, sometimes you just quit, because you don’t have enough patience. Vidas: Have you ever quit a piece in your life? Ausra: Well, let me think about it. Yes, I think that I did, way back. I think I quit one choral fantasia by Max Reger. Vidas: Oh! Ausra: But I think it was probably the trouble or a bad decision of my former teacher, because I think I was still too young and not experienced enough to learn such a hard piece. Vidas: That’s right. And I think I quit some piano pieces back in high school, because they were simply too virtuosic for me. So...when people like Rivadavia, for example, encounter a difficult spot, right, and they want to quit--what should they do first? How should they motivate themselves? Ausra: Well, that’s a good question. Very hard one. Vidas: What about simplifying the problem? Instead of climbing a big mountain, right--like you say, mastering a Chorale Fantasia by Reger--maybe mastering a smaller episode first? Ausra: Yes, that could be; but you need patience for that, too. Vidas: Or not even an entire episode, but a solo line, of RH or pedal line, of that episode. Ausra: That might be a good idea. Vidas: You see guys, I think a step-by-step approach is slow, but it’s very firm, and a very positive way to reinforce yourself in your goals. If you’re taking this step, and the next step, and the next, you’re surely moving towards your goal. Would you agree, Ausra? Ausra: Yes. The slow process guarantees you a good result at the end of it. Vidas: So why do people quit, if the slow, step-by-step approach works? Ausra: Because you need patience to work slowly, and not everybody has it. But it’s not necessarily related to organ practicing. If you have patience in one site of your life, you will have patience throughout your life, too. Vidas: Do you think that people quit when they don’t see results? Ausra: Could be, too, yes. Vidas: Because if they feel results--some kind of results, even basic results--they feel compelled to take action even further. But if they just keep spinning their wheels, then they think inside their head that it’s not worth it. Right? Ausra: Might be, yes. Vidas: They’re not getting anywhere. Ausra: So I think it’s a good thing not to pick up too hard pieces at first, and not to expect too much from yourself in a very short time. Vidas: And celebrate small victories. Ausra: That’s true. Enjoy small things. Vidas: Give yourself a treat, whatever a treat might mean for you. Celebrate every small step, because each small step will lead you to success, whatever success means for you. Wonderful. So, another part of this question is of course, lack of memory. So Rivadavia is struggling not only with patience, but with memory. What do you think is happening, Ausra, for her? Is she trying to memorize some passages and struggling? Ausra: Sounds like that. Yes, then just play from the music. You don’t have to memorize it, necessarily, if you are practicing organ. Vidas: True, because memory is not everything, I think. You have to read music... Ausra: That’s true. Vidas: And memorize only the pieces that you want to keep for a long time. Ausra: Yes, that’s right. Vidas: Wonderful. We will discuss the problem of lack of memory in the next episode. And for now, just keep up your practice. And remember, when you practice… Ausra: Miracles happen. Welcome to Secrets of Organ Playing Podcast #117!
Today's guest is composer, organist and choir conductor from New Zealand, Nigel Williams. During his student days he was a chorister at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Auckland. In his eleven years in the choir he developed an interest in composing organ and choral music. After graduating from the University of Auckland with a Master's Degree in composition he began a career as a music teacher. He was at the forefront of music education in New Zealand for almost 30 years having taught variously at Westlake Girls High School, St Paul's Collegiate School, Scots College, and Marsden School for Girls. He retired recently from the position of Director of Music at Mill Hill School in London (UK). Currently Nigel is musical director of the Tauranga Civic Choir for whom he is composing a large scale cantata style work for performance in 2019. He has always maintained an active life as a musician and composer in the community. In Hamilton NZ Nigel established a regional orchestra and jazz band festival for schools. Taking advantage of St Paul's Collegiate new Letourneau organ he established an international organ festival to further promote the playing of the organ in New Zealand. He was Director of Music at Hamilton's St Peter's Cathedral for several years and established choral scholarships to ensure a quality of choral singing at the Cathedral and establish an enduring link with Hamilton's Waikato University's Music Department. In Wellington NZ Nigel served as chair of the Wellington regional committee of the New Zealand Choral Federation. During his seven years as musical director of the Bach Choir of Wellington he enjoyed the opportunity of directing over twenty five concerts with an emphasis on the larger scale works of J.S. Bach. He was fortunate to forge a relationship with members of the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra which lead to the formation of the Chiesa Ensemble. Nigel's last concert with the Bach Choir was a complete performance of J.S. Bach’s Mass in B minor. In this conversation, Nigel shares his insights about his love for twelve tone technique, modal music and of course, the polyphony. Enjoy and share your comments below. And don't forget to help spread the word about the SOP Podcast by sharing it with your organist friends. And if you like it, please head over to iTunes and leave a rating and review. This helps to get this podcast in front of more organists who would find it helpful. Thanks for caring. Listen to the conversation Related Links: http://www.nigelwilliamscomposernz.com Nigel's music on Sheet Music Plus: http://www.sheetmusicplus.com/search?Ntt=nigel+williams&aff_id=454957
Vidas: Let’s start Episode 94 of #AskVidasAndAusra podcast. And this question was sent by Ken. He writes:
“Hi Vidas, I purchased the Chord Workshop course. I have been a church organist for many years, and have an online friend now, from the sale of a Roland C190 keyboard to him. I'm in Ontario Canada, he's in Nova Scotia Canada. He wishes to learn to play, and as he is retired and to encourage him to be able to play and enjoy doing it quickly, the use of chording, I believe is the way to go for him. As you know there are "fake books" of every genre of music available, and most hymnals now have chords too. If I decide to, can I purchase the "Chord Workshop" for him, and register it from my computer and give his email address? Also, is there any time limit on using your program on Youtube? I've not yet got into your program, but I wanted this information. Thanks Vidas. Ken.” So, it’s good that people want to give a present of our trainings and courses! Ausra: That’s very nice, yes! Vidas: Do you think, Ausra, that some people could benefit from such a gift? Ausra: Definitely, yes. Vidas: So, the question that Ken asks is, can he give his friends the email address when he purchases? Of course! Ausra: Of course; it’s up to him, actually. Vidas: There is no limitation. Yeah, and if anyone wishes to give a gift to their friends, one of our trainings or practice courses or programs, and gets into some questionable situation or trouble, just simply send us an email; we will be glad to help you out. But yes, you can send a gift to your friend this way. What about the second part of the question, Ausra? Are our videos available on YouTube for a limited time, or indefinitely? Ausra: I think you could explain this way better. I would think that they don’t have a limit. Vidas: No. Ausra: It’s unlimited. Vidas: As long as we’re in business, we keep them online, right? And we don’t intend to quit anytime soon, so hopefully we can offer our videos--not only paid ones, which are part of the courses, but also publicly available videos for unlimited use, too. Ausra: By the way, what are you practicing, now? Vidas: Well, I am going to play a recital with you, right, in a few weeks, in our church--an organ duet recital. And as part of this recital, I’m playing the long chorale fantasia by Dietrich Buxtehude, “Nun freut euch lieber Christen g’mein.” This is a fantastic piece to demonstrate the organ because of the various colorful combinations of stops. But it’s tricky, so it’s worth my time, playing very slowly and carefully, and in combinations just like I’m recommending to do in short episodes and multiple repetitions. And also, I’m playing those three arias from Bach cantatas that I have transcribed for our duet: a couple of them are from BWV 80 cantata, “Ein’ feste Burg ist unser Gott.” Remember, it’s a wonderful aria, the first one where you have repeated 16th notes, and it’s very fun to play. Ausra: Yes, in general it’s one of the nicest cantatas--“A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.” Vidas: Yeah. And the last aria is from BWV 147, the same cantata that has “Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring.” Ausra: Also very beautiful, yes. Vidas: What about you, Ausra? What are you playing now? Ausra: I’m playing Fantasia Chromatica by Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, yes. And it’s very nice. Very difficult, of course. Vidas: Why is it called “Chromatica?” Ausra: Because of its chromaticisms. It has so much, so many of them. Vidas: Is the theme chromatic, too? Ausra: Yes, it’s very chromatic. Vidas: I see. And what else are you playing, then, besides…? Ausra: Also Andante and Variations in D Major by Mendelssohn. Vidas: Do you like it? Ausra: Yes, it’s very beautiful. Vidas: When did you first hear it? Ausra: Actually, when Guy Bovet played it in our church. Vidas: Oh, that was some 8 years ago. Ausra: Yes. It sounded so good on that instrument, so I wanted to do it, too. Vidas: Yeah, why does it sound good on our organ? Ausra: Because our organ has so many 8’ stops. So I will be able to use them all, to demonstrate them. Because the range of dynamic is piano throughout the piece; so I can just alternate all these nice flutes and strings. Vidas: Great. Do you think that people could benefit from having a score with fingering of these piece? Ausra: I think it helps every time. Vidas: Right. And perhaps even lovers of Sweelinck’s music who want to play Fantasia cromatica, too. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: So we’re planning to prepare those scores in the future. Stay tuned. And I hope you will practice today, right guys? Because when you practice… Ausra: Miracles happen.
Vidas: Let’s start Episode 93 of #AskVidasAndAusra podcast. Today’s question was sent by Simon, and he writes:
“Hello Ausra and Vidas, what are some tips for building up speed, and expectations for how long this should take – weeks, months? Learning a faster piece e.g Gigout Toccata, I can play the last section accurately at about 2/3 speed, but much faster and it starts to unravel. Playing same section over and over again I lose concentration, and probably just re-inforce mistakes. Greetings from Germany, and thanks to you both for your inspiration. Simon.” It’s nice that people from Germany are playing French music, right? Ausra: Yes, it’s very nice. Vidas: And getting feedback and help from us, and applying our tips in their practice, and getting better--even slowly, right? Talking about speed, Ausra: in your experience, does it come naturally to you, or do you have to force yourself to do something--tricks or tips? Ausra: Well, most of the time it comes naturally, but not always. It depends on the piece. Vidas: Well, you have to really remember that we have extensive piano training. From 7 or 6 years old we started playing piano. Ausra: Yes. Yes, that’s true. Vidas: And started playing professionally. Maybe we were not pianists, as in majoring in piano; but nevertheless we played piano every day. Ausra: That’s true, yes. Vidas: For many years before playing the organ. And when we started playing the organ, our finger technique was fairly developed, by that time. Ausra: Yes. But now, as talking about the speed, especially when you are practicing such pieces as Gigout Toccata, or basically any either Romantic or modern pieces (toccatas especially--Boellmann, Widor etc.), it’s a good idea to do half of your practice on the piano and half on the organ. It would be, I think, an excellent way to build up your speed--the tempo of the piece, too, while playing piano. Vidas: Your piece...on the piano? Ausra: Yes, that’s right! Vidas: But never forget that it’s an organ piece, right? Ausra: That’s true. Vidas: Don’t play with pianistic gestures and motions from elbows, and lift off your hands from the keyboard, and lift even your fingers so much--right? It’s not necessarily valuable for organists. Ausra: Yes, that’s true; but in some cases, especially if you have, let’s say, an early electronic organ, but you have a mechanical piano, too, then I think it would be very beneficial to practice on the piano. Vidas: A lot of people have pianos at home, right? Ausra: Yes. Because it has a mechanical action and it is good for your fingers--for developing your technique, and for building up the right speed. Vidas: I think in our community you will find plenty of people who have a digital organ, without pipes… Ausra: Yes. Vidas: And a normal, mechanical piano at home. Ausra: Then I would say, it’s better to practice on the piano; and maybe half and half, do half and half. Vidas: And by “piano” I don’t mean a Steinway, concert, full-size piano--but just an upright piano is perfectly fine. Ausra: That’s right. That’s right, yes. And with speeding up while playing, don’t be hasty. And don’t push yourself too hard to play in the right tempo right away. It will come in time. Just practice at the slow tempo first; and when you will be comfortable with that tempo, I think you may be able to speed up, little by little. Vidas: What helps me in these situations is when I have a difficult and challenging piece, and I know the music fairly well by now, I can play it in a moderate tempo, but it’s not yet concert tempo, and I want to speed up--I do the following trick: I play the piece from the beginning until the end several times, maybe 3 times, but stopping at every beat; and when I stop, I really look ahead, just one beat ahead; and I prepare my fingers in my mind, and then I play very very quickly just those 4 sixteenth notes, and not anything else. And then I stop and think ahead, and wait until I’m ready, and then play again four notes, very fast--I mean, in concert tempo, perhaps. Would you think that it’s helpful, Ausra? Ausra: Well, yes, I think it does help you. Vidas: Because it’s just the first step. Once you’re comfortable with this trick, you can double the fragment--maybe play half of the measure without stopping, in concert tempo; and then stop! and wait, and think ahead, and prepare yourself; and then play very fast again until the next fragment of 2 beats. Right? Ausra: Yes, that’s right. And when practicing, what might happen is if you push yourself too early to a fast tempo, you might lose your piece, because it might begin to get sort of dirty. Vidas: Exactly. Ausra: And then it will be very hard to correct it. Actually, I think sometimes it’s easier to learn a new piece of music than to correct a piece that is already muddy because you wanted to play too fast too soon. Vidas: I think the key is listening. You have to listen to what’s happening, even in a fast tempo; and if you can’t hear, that means it’s too fast for you, for your hearing. Ausra: Yes; and what you’re hearing, your listener will hear the same. So if you cannot hear what you are playing, your listener cannot hear it either. Vidas: Yeah, so spend some considerable time on these shorter fragments: one beat, two beats; one measure, two measures, four measures; one line, two lines; one page, two pages--making the fragments longer and longer by doubling them, but be very careful to go to the next beat very patiently. Ausra: Yes, because you still have to hear each note that you’re playing, and you have to be able to control yourself. Because if you will to pick up too fast a tempo, you might lose control. Vidas: Excellent. Do you think that people should play piano exercises or etudes from pianistic repertoire--once in awhile, for this case? Ausra: Yes, I think it would be good. Vidas: Chopin, Liszt? Czerny? Ausra: Well, Czerny, actually, is an excellent resource for building up technique. If you have trouble with some kind of technical problem, definitely you can find an etude by Czerny in which that problem will be solved. Vidas: Mhmm. Ausra: Because it’s an excellent source. People often rush to etudes like Chopin’s, and Liszt’s, and other virtuosos’... Vidas: They’re too advanced. Ausra: Yes, but sometimes they are too advanced, and sometimes I just think that for developing that necessary techniques, the Czerny etudes are the best. Vidas: Especially Op. 299--the “School of Velocity,” I think it’s called. So you will find any type of keyboard technique there. And just start from the beginning. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: Learn the first etude. Ausra: And I think it will help you later on, to play Romantic and modern music on the organ well. Vidas: Yeah, and your fingers will thank you for that. Ausra: Yes. You definitely will strengthen them. Vidas: Thanks guys, please send us more of your questions; we love helping you grow. And you can do that by subscribing to our blog at organduo.lt and simply replying to any of our messages that you will get. This was Vidas. Ausra: And Ausra. Vidas: And remember, when you practice… Ausra: Miracles happen.
Vidas: Let’s start Episode 92 of #AskVidasAndAusra podcast. And today’s question was sent by John; and he asks how to create alternate harmonizations and descants for the last verse of the hymn. Basically, this is the question: how to reharmonize any type of melody, yes, Ausra?
Ausra: Yes, I believe so. Vidas: So, here’s the situation as I understand it. You have a 4-part setting of a hymn from the hymnal; you normally play from the sheet, from this setting, playing four parts, maybe with pedals, maybe without pedals; and then when the last verse comes, you want to be able to play something else based on that melody, right? Something with different harmony. So Ausra, what would you do in this situation? Ausra: Well, to change the harmony completely might be a little bit of a dangerous thing for the congregation. You could do that, probably, yes. But in order to reharmonize, you have to know what is written in your original hymn. Vidas: Mhm. Ausra: And then based on that, you could reharmonize it. But definitely, there are various ways to harmonize the same melody. You can use different chords. Or you can do a different texture, too. Vidas: Let’s talk about adding different chords, first. Wouldn’t it be easier to simply play from the sheet, looking at the solo melody, without the given harmonization, and add your chords--add your harmonization on top of that solo melody? Ausra: Yes, that’s a possibility, definitely. Vidas: At home, you would write down the melody on a separate sheet of paper, the soprano line; and when the last verse of the hymn comes, you start playing not from the hymnal, but from that sheet. Ausra: That’s a possibility, definitely, yes. Vidas: Right? And you can add whatever you want to. Ausra: Well, yes, but it should fit the melody, too. So you still need to follow some rules. Vidas: What is Rule #1 here? What’s forbidden, maybe? What would you have to avoid, when harmonizing the soprano line? Ausra: Well, probably, the basic things are: to avoid fifths and octaves; to avoid augmented intervals, jumps of augmented intervals; then, to avoid leading all four voices to one side, either moving up or down. Vidas: What is the number one solution to all these problems? Ausra: Well, you would have to...Well, if you would write the harmony down, if you harmonize it, then you could check it for those mistakes. Vidas: What I mean is, when you harmonize the soprano line, what would you do with the bass, normally? Do you go in the same direction, or-- Ausra: Well, no, actually, usually the bass moves in the opposite direction compared to the soprano. Vidas: Why? Ausra: Well, then it creates a nice contrary motion. But sometimes, the soprano and bass can move in the same direction, but maybe one of the inner voices can just stay in the same spot. Vidas: Yes. So generally what you mean is, the easiest thing to watch out for is contrary motion between the outer voices, soprano and bass. Ausra: Yes, yes. Vidas: But sometimes, maybe the inner voices can have contrary motion with the soprano as well. And that’s how you avoid those forbidden intervals, right? Ausra: Yes, that’s right. Vidas: And...Okay. What else should John know when he wants to reharmonize the melody? Maybe how to discover the chords from each note of the melody. Let’s say the melody is in C Major, and you see the note C on the page, right? What kind of chord would fit on that? Ausra: Well, tonic chord; and then sixth scale degree; root position chord; and of course subdominant chord; so basically, you have some choices. Vidas: Tonic would be C-E-G, sixth scale degree chord would be what, A-C-E, and subdominant would be F-A-C. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: You see, in each of these 3 chords, there is the note C present; therefore, it fits nicely. Ausra: And the third scale degree chord, too, has this; but it’s maybe not often used, but it could also be used, in some cases. And of course you could not use chords in root position--not only root position. Vidas: Mhm. Ausra: You could use inversions, too. Vidas: First inversion, normally. Ausra: Yes, first inversion, yes. Vidas: What if I have the note D in the melody? Ausra: Well, it could be a dominant. Vidas: G-B-D? Ausra: That’s right. Vidas: What else? Ausra: Seventh scale degree, first inversion. Vidas: D-F-B. Ausra: Of course you could use dominant inversions, or dominant seventh chord, and inversions of it; so it’s G-B-D-F and its inversions. Or the seventh scale degree, seventh chord-- Vidas: B-D... Ausra: F and A. Vidas: F-A. Or just a second scale degree root position chord. Ausra: That’s right. Vidas: Or first inversion. Ausra: Well, yes, but be careful with that chord--it’s not so often used in root position, especially in the minor keys. Vidas: Uh-huh. Ausra: In major keys it’s okay, but in minor keys it’s a diminished chord, so it’s not often used-- Vidas: Oh, it’s forbidden. Ausra: Yes. You could use inversions of it, mostly the first inversion. Vidas: Mhm, that’s right. And so on, right? Ausra: Yes. Vidas: You have to think. You don’t have to know, mentally, all the names of these chords, but you can discover them by building them up from the bass, right? From the note E, you would discover E-G-B, when E is in the lowest position; or in the middle, it would be a tonic chord, C-E-G, right? E is present. Or, the sixth scale degree, when it’s on top: A-C-E, right? Ausra: Yes. Vidas: So people can really experiment, I think, with these chords and melodic notes, right? And see what fits. And what color it creates--each particular chord--because not every chord fits nicely with the next one, right? Ausra: That’s true. Vidas: What are the 3 main functions that people should be aware of? Ausra: Well, tonic, subdominant, and dominant. And what you have to know is that the tonic may appear after each of these functions. Vidas: Mhm. Ausra: Basically. It’s the main function. And subdominant may come before tonic, and go after tonic, and then after subdominant, dominant may come; but after dominant chord, you never use the subdominant chord. Vidas: Unless there are some exceptions, right? Ausra: Yes, there are some exceptions, but… Vidas: It’s too advanced…[? 9:07] Ausra: But they are very rare, and you need to know how to use them. Vidas: Mhm. Ausra: So basically after a dominant chord, you use either another dominant chord, or you just resolve it to a tonic chord. Vidas: Right. Right, so guys, if you want to re-harmonize your melody, you can follow those simple suggestions. If you want to create an additional melodic line, a fifth voice, which is called a descant--this is something else, right, Ausra? Ausra: That’s right, yes. Vidas: This is especially nice if, let’s say, a trumpet (or cornet) plays a very high-pitched melody on top of the harmonized 4-part setting. Ausra: That’s right. Vidas: For the last verse of the hymn. And I believe there are many collections that people have created for ten or one hundred hymns from the hymnals; or maybe in every hymn setting they have reharmonized everything and created an additional descant, right? Ausra: That’s right. Vidas: So people could open a specific title of the song--of the hymn--and choose the descant, and just play it, right? But what if a person wants to try to create a descant? It’s kind of tricky, because you have to create an additional voice; but it may be less tricky if you think in terms of creating a melody based on those chords. Ausra: Yes. Vidas: You can double, right? You can double some of the voices, sometimes, right? Ausra: But not all the time. Vidas: No, just once in awhile, double; because you see, in every three part chord, tonic, subdominant, and dominant, let’s say--there are three notes, but there are four voices, SATB; and at the end you want to add the descant, which is a fifth voice. So you have to double something. Ausra: Yes. But you also could create some diminutions, maybe, in the soprano voice. Vidas: Oh, that’s right! You could basically...What I have found very useful is to try to play a voice which is a high-pitched voice, but not the melody--not the soprano; not the women’s high-pitched voice, but let’s say, men’s part. Ausra: Like tenor. Vidas: Exactly. Because it’s an inner voice, they never hear it on top of the melody. And it’s feels very very nice if you play with cornet or trumpet. Ausra: Yes, I think it should work. Vidas: That’s the easiest way. No reharmonization necessary, you just have to play a different setting of the hymn. So imagine of course, your RH should be free to take this descant with the solo stop; what would your LH do then, Ausra? Ausra: Probably play 3 voices and then the bass line in the pedal. Vidas: 3 voices in closed position, probably. Ausra: Yes, all of course in closed position. Vidas: Soprano, alto, and tenor, closed enough. Ausra: You wouldn’t be able to play in open position three voices in one hand. Vidas: Closed position means that each of those three voices has to be closer than a fifth apart. Basically not more than a fourth, a perfect fourth. Ausra: Yes, that’s right. Vidas: So then...And the distance between those three outer voices, soprano and tenor, should not be more than an octave, because your hand will be too narrow. Ausra: That’s true. Vidas: So...And the pedals can take the usual bass line, I think, right? Ausra: Yes, yes. Vidas: So guys, try this at home; and try, of course, before, well ahead of time; and try many times, and work in fragments and sections, and not necessarily everything together, but...how about just practicing the tenor lines with the RH alone? Just to make sure you know the movement? Ausra: Yes, that would be good way to practice. Vidas: Mhm. Ausra: I just thought about modulation, going right away a whole step or half step up like in pop movies and music; you could do that for the last verse of the hymn, too. Vidas: But for that you would probably need a modulating interlude. Ausra: Well, in pop music sometimes they do it right away, without any interlude. Vidas: So yeah, it depends on your style and choice, and taste, probably. Ausra: Haha yes, that’s true. Vidas: And skill. If you know how to modulate from C Major to C sharp Major, then go ahead and do that for four or eight measures, and then you can add the last verse a half step higher. Ausra: Yeah. Vidas:That’s nice for Easter or Christmas, solemn occasions. Do you think, Ausra, that people could benefit from our courses on harmonization? Ausra: I think so, yes. Vidas: Something like a workshop on hymn harmonization? And I think Harmony for Organists, Level 1, too. Ausra: That’s true, it explains the main voice leading. Vidas: Yeah. Ausra: And actions of the chords. That’s a valuable course for beginners. Vidas: Right. And you did this course with Victoria, too, right? I think, explaining a little bit those concepts which also could be helpful. All right, so guys, go ahead and apply our tips in your practice. And send us more of your questions; we love helping you grow. This was Vidas. Ausra: And Ausra. Vidas: And remember, when you practice… Ausra: Miracles happen. |
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Drs. Vidas Pinkevicius and Ausra Motuzaite-Pinkeviciene Organists of Vilnius University , creators of Secrets of Organ Playing. Our Hauptwerk Setup:
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